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HD44780 driver rework (#16370)

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Ryan 3 years ago committed by GitHub
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  1. 3
      builddefs/common_features.mk
  2. 2
      docs/_summary.md
  3. 345
      docs/feature_hd44780.md
  4. 284
      drivers/lcd/hd44780.c
  5. 220
      drivers/lcd/hd44780.h
  6. 542
      platforms/avr/drivers/hd44780.c
  7. 348
      platforms/avr/drivers/hd44780.h

3
builddefs/common_features.mk
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@ -646,8 +646,9 @@ ifeq ($(strip $(HAPTIC_ENABLE)),yes)
endif
ifeq ($(strip $(HD44780_ENABLE)), yes)
SRC += platforms/avr/drivers/hd44780.c
OPT_DEFS += -DHD44780_ENABLE
COMMON_VPATH += $(DRIVER_PATH)/lcd
SRC += hd44780.c
endif
VALID_OLED_DRIVER_TYPES := SSD1306 custom

2
docs/_summary.md
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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
* Hardware Features
* Displays
* [HD44780 LCD Controller](feature_hd44780.md)
* [HD44780 LCD Driver](feature_hd44780.md)
* [ST7565 LCD Driver](feature_st7565.md)
* [OLED Driver](feature_oled_driver.md)
* Lighting

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docs/feature_hd44780.md
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# HD44780 LCD Displays
This is an integration of Peter Fleury's LCD library. This page will explain the basics. [For in depth documentation visit his page.](http://www.peterfleury.epizy.com/doxygen/avr-gcc-libraries/group__pfleury__lcd.html)
You can enable support for HD44780 Displays by setting the `HD44780_ENABLE` flag in your keyboards `rules.mk` to yes.
## Configuration
You will need to configure the pins used by your display, and its number of lines and columns in your keyboard's `config.h`.
Uncomment the section labled HD44780 and change the parameters as needed.
````
/*
* HD44780 LCD Display Configuration
*/
#define LCD_LINES 2 //< number of visible lines of the display
#define LCD_DISP_LENGTH 16 //< visibles characters per line of the display
#define LCD_IO_MODE 1 //< 0: memory mapped mode, 1: IO port mode
#if LCD_IO_MODE
#define LCD_PORT PORTB //< port for the LCD lines
#define LCD_DATA0_PORT LCD_PORT //< port for 4bit data bit 0
#define LCD_DATA1_PORT LCD_PORT //< port for 4bit data bit 1
#define LCD_DATA2_PORT LCD_PORT //< port for 4bit data bit 2
#define LCD_DATA3_PORT LCD_PORT //< port for 4bit data bit 3
#define LCD_DATA0_PIN 4 //< pin for 4bit data bit 0
#define LCD_DATA1_PIN 5 //< pin for 4bit data bit 1
#define LCD_DATA2_PIN 6 //< pin for 4bit data bit 2
#define LCD_DATA3_PIN 7 //< pin for 4bit data bit 3
#define LCD_RS_PORT LCD_PORT //< port for RS line
#define LCD_RS_PIN 3 //< pin for RS line
#define LCD_RW_PORT LCD_PORT //< port for RW line
#define LCD_RW_PIN 2 //< pin for RW line
#define LCD_E_PORT LCD_PORT //< port for Enable line
#define LCD_E_PIN 1 //< pin for Enable line
#endif
````
Should you need to configure other properties you can copy them from `quantum/hd44780.h` and set them in your `config.h`
# HD44780 LCD Driver
## Supported Hardware
LCD modules using [HD44780U](https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/LCD/HD44780.pdf) IC or equivalent, communicating in 4-bit mode.
|Module|Size |Notes |
|------|--------------|---------------------------------|
|1602A |16x2, 5x8 dots| |
|2004A |20x4, 5x8 dots|Untested, not currently supported|
To run these modules at 3.3V, an additional MAX660 voltage converter IC must be soldered on, along with two 10µF capacitors. See [this page](https://www.codrey.com/electronic-circuits/hack-your-16x2-lcd/) for more details.
## Usage
To initialize your display, call `lcd_init()` with one of these parameters:
````
LCD_DISP_OFF : display off
LCD_DISP_ON : display on, cursor off
LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR : display on, cursor on
LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK : display on, cursor on flashing
````
This is best done in your keyboards `matrix_init_kb` or your keymaps `matrix_init_user`.
It is advised to clear the display before use.
To do so call `lcd_clrscr()`.
Add the following to your `rules.mk`:
```make
HD44780_ENABLE = yes
```
## Basic Configuration
Add the following to your `config.h`:
|Define |Default |Description |
|-----------------------|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`HD44780_DATA_PINS` |*Not defined* |(Required) An array of four GPIO pins connected to the display's D4-D7 pins, eg. `{ B1, B3, B2, B6 }`|
|`HD44780_RS_PIN` |*Not defined* |(Required) The GPIO connected to the display's RS pin |
|`HD44780_RW_PIN` |*Not defined* |(Required) The GPIO connected to the display's RW pin |
|`HD44780_E_PIN` |*Not defined* |(Required) The GPIO connected to the display's E pin |
|`HD44780_DISPLAY_COLS` |`16` |The number of visible characters on a single line of the display |
|`HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES`|`2` |The number of visible lines on the display |
|`HD44780_WRAP_LINES` |*Not defined* |If defined, input characters will wrap to the next line |
## Examples
### Hello World
Add the following to your `keymap.c`:
```c
void keyboard_post_init_user(void) {
hd44780_init(true, true); // Show blinking cursor
hd44780_puts_P(PSTR("Hello, world!\n"));
}
```
### Custom Character Definition
Up to eight custom characters can be defined. This data is stored in the Character Generator RAM (CGRAM), and is not persistent across power cycles.
This example defines the QMK Psi as the first custom character. The first 16 positions in the character set are reserved for the eight custom characters duplicated.
```
Byte | 16 8 4 2 1
1 | x x x ■ □ ■ □ ■
2 | x x x ■ □ ■ □ ■
3 | x x x ■ □ ■ □ ■
4 | x x x □ ■ ■ ■ □
5 | x x x □ □ ■ □ □
6 | x x x □ □ ■ □ □
7 | x x x □ □ ■ □ □
8 | x x x □ □ □ □ □
```
```c
const uint8_t PROGMEM psi[8] = { 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x0E, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00 };
void keyboard_post_init_user(void) {
hd44780_init(false, false);
hd44780_define_char_P(0, psi);
// Cursor is incremented while defining characters so must be reset
hd44780_home();
// 0x08 to avoid null terminator
hd44780_puts_P(PSTR("\x08 QMK Firmware"));
}
```
## API
### `void hd44780_init(bool cursor, bool blink)`
Initialize the display.
This function should be called only once, before any of the other functions can be called.
#### Arguments
- `bool cursor`
Whether to show the cursor.
- `bool blink`
Whether to blink the cursor, if shown.
---
### `void hd44780_clear(void)`
Clear the display.
This function is called on init.
---
### `void hd44780_home(void)`
Move the cursor to the home position.
This function is called on init.
---
### `void hd44780_on(bool cursor, bool blink)`
Turn the display on, and/or set the cursor properties.
This function is called on init.
#### Arguments
- `bool cursor`
Whether to show the cursor.
- `bool blink`
Whether to blink the cursor, if shown.
---
### `void hd44780_off(void)`
Turn the display off.
---
### `void hd44780_set_cursor(uint8_t col, uint8_t line)`
Move the cursor to the specified position on the display.
#### Arguments
- `uint8_t col`
The column number to move to, from 0 to 15 on 16x2 displays.
- `bool line`
The line number to move to, either 0 or 1 on 16x2 displays.
---
### `void hd44780_putc(char c)`
Print a character to the display. The newline character `\n` will move the cursor to the start of the next line.
The exact character shown may depend on the ROM code of your particular display - refer to the datasheet for the full character set.
#### Arguments
- `char c`
The character to print.
---
### `void hd44780_puts(const char *s)`
Print a string of characters to the display.
#### Arguments
- `const char *s`
The string to print.
---
### `void hd44780_puts_P(const char *s)`
Print a string of characters from PROGMEM to the display.
On ARM devices, this function is simply an alias of `hd44780_puts()`.
#### Arguments
- `const char *s`
The PROGMEM string to print (ie. `PSTR("Hello")`).
---
### `void hd44780_define_char(uint8_t index, uint8_t *data)`
Define a custom character.
#### Arguments
- `uint8_t index`
The index of the custom character to define, from 0 to 7.
- `uint8_t *data`
An array of 8 bytes containing the 5-bit row data of the character, where the first byte is the topmost row, and the least significant bit of each byte is the rightmost column.
---
### `void hd44780_define_char_P(uint8_t index, const uint8_t *data)`
Define a custom character from PROGMEM.
On ARM devices, this function is simply an alias of `hd44780_define_char()`.
#### Arguments
- `uint8_t index`
The index of the custom character to define, from 0 to 7.
- `const uint8_t *data`
A PROGMEM array of 8 bytes containing the 5-bit row data of the character, where the first byte is the topmost row, and the least significant bit of each byte is the rightmost column.
---
### `bool hd44780_busy(void)`
Indicates whether the display is currently processing, and cannot accept instructions.
#### Return Value
`true` if the display is busy.
---
### `void hd44780_write(uint8_t data, bool isData)`
Write a byte to the display.
#### Arguments
- `uint8_t data`
The byte to send to the display.
- `bool isData`
Whether the byte is an instruction or character data.
---
### `uint8_t hd44780_read(bool isData)`
Read a byte from the display.
#### Arguments
- `bool isData`
Whether to read the current cursor position, or the character at the cursor.
#### Return Value
If `isData` is `true`, the returned byte will be the character at the current DDRAM address. Otherwise, it will be the current DDRAM address and the busy flag.
---
### `void hd44780_command(uint8_t command)`
Send a command to the display. Refer to the datasheet and `hd44780.h` for the valid commands and defines.
This function waits for the display to clear the busy flag before sending the command.
#### Arguments
- `uint8_t command`
The command to send.
---
### `void hd44780_data(uint8_t data)`
Send a byte of data to the display.
This function waits for the display to clear the busy flag before sending the data.
#### Arguments
- `uint8_t data`
The byte of data to send.
---
### `void hd44780_set_cgram_address(uint8_t address)`
Set the CGRAM address.
This function is used when defining custom characters.
#### Arguments
- `uint8_t address`
The CGRAM address to move to, from `0x00` to `0x3F`.
---
### `void hd44780_set_ddram_address(uint8_t address)`
Set the DDRAM address.
This function is used when printing characters to the display, and setting the cursor.
To now print something to your Display you first call `lcd_gotoxy(column, line)`. To go to the start of the first line you would call `lcd_gotoxy(0, 0)` and then print a string with `lcd_puts("example string")`.
#### Arguments
There are more methods available to control the display. [For in depth documentation please visit the linked page.](http://www.peterfleury.epizy.com/doxygen/avr-gcc-libraries/group__pfleury__lcd.html)
- `uint8_t address`
The DDRAM address to move to, from `0x00` to `0x7F`.

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drivers/lcd/hd44780.c
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/*
Copyright 2022
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "hd44780.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "progmem.h"
#include "wait.h"
#ifndef HD44780_DATA_PINS
# error hd44780: no data pins defined!
#endif
#ifndef HD44780_RS_PIN
# error hd44780: no RS pin defined!
#endif
#ifndef HD44780_RW_PIN
# error hd44780: no R/W pin defined!
#endif
#ifndef HD44780_E_PIN
# error hd44780: no E pin defined!
#endif
static const pin_t data_pins[4] = HD44780_DATA_PINS;
#ifndef HD44780_DISPLAY_COLS
# define HD44780_DISPLAY_COLS 16
#endif
#ifndef HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES
# define HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES 2
#endif
#ifndef HD44780_DDRAM_LINE0_ADDR
# define HD44780_DDRAM_LINE0_ADDR 0x00
#endif
#ifndef HD44780_DDRAM_LINE1_ADDR
# define HD44780_DDRAM_LINE1_ADDR 0x40
#endif
#define HD44780_INIT_DELAY_MS 16
#define HD44780_ENABLE_DELAY_US 1
static void hd44780_latch(void) {
writePinHigh(HD44780_E_PIN);
wait_us(HD44780_ENABLE_DELAY_US);
writePinLow(HD44780_E_PIN);
}
void hd44780_write(uint8_t data, bool isData) {
writePin(HD44780_RS_PIN, isData);
writePinLow(HD44780_RW_PIN);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
setPinOutput(data_pins[i]);
}
// Write high nibble
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
writePin(data_pins[i], (data >> 4) & (1 << i));
}
hd44780_latch();
// Write low nibble
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
writePin(data_pins[i], data & (1 << i));
}
hd44780_latch();
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
writePinHigh(data_pins[i]);
}
}
uint8_t hd44780_read(bool isData) {
uint8_t data = 0;
writePin(HD44780_RS_PIN, isData);
writePinHigh(HD44780_RW_PIN);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
setPinInput(data_pins[i]);
}
writePinHigh(HD44780_E_PIN);
wait_us(HD44780_ENABLE_DELAY_US);
// Read high nibble
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
data |= (readPin(data_pins[i]) << i);
}
data <<= 4;
writePinLow(HD44780_E_PIN);
wait_us(HD44780_ENABLE_DELAY_US);
writePinHigh(HD44780_E_PIN);
wait_us(HD44780_ENABLE_DELAY_US);
// Read low nibble
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
data |= (readPin(data_pins[i]) << i);
}
writePinLow(HD44780_E_PIN);
return data;
}
bool hd44780_busy(void) {
return hd44780_read(false) & HD44780_BUSY_FLAG;
}
void hd44780_command(uint8_t command) {
while (hd44780_busy())
;
hd44780_write(command, false);
}
void hd44780_data(uint8_t data) {
while (hd44780_busy())
;
hd44780_write(data, true);
}
void hd44780_clear(void) {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_CLEAR_DISPLAY);
}
void hd44780_home(void) {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_RETURN_HOME);
}
void hd44780_on(bool cursor, bool blink) {
if (cursor) {
if (blink) {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_DISPLAY | HD44780_DISPLAY_ON | HD44780_DISPLAY_CURSOR | HD44780_DISPLAY_BLINK);
} else {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_DISPLAY | HD44780_DISPLAY_ON | HD44780_DISPLAY_CURSOR);
}
} else {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_DISPLAY | HD44780_DISPLAY_ON);
}
}
void hd44780_off() {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_DISPLAY);
}
void hd44780_set_cgram_address(uint8_t address) {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_SET_CGRAM_ADDRESS + (address & 0x3F));
}
void hd44780_set_ddram_address(uint8_t address) {
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_SET_DDRAM_ADDRESS + (address & 0x7F));
}
void hd44780_init(bool cursor, bool blink) {
setPinOutput(HD44780_RS_PIN);
setPinOutput(HD44780_RW_PIN);
setPinOutput(HD44780_E_PIN);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
setPinOutput(data_pins[i]);
}
wait_ms(HD44780_INIT_DELAY_MS);
// Manually configure for 4-bit mode - can't use hd44780_command() yet
// HD44780U datasheet, Fig. 24 (p46)
writePinHigh(data_pins[0]); // Function set
writePinHigh(data_pins[1]); // DL = 1
hd44780_latch();
wait_ms(5);
// Send again
hd44780_latch();
wait_us(64);
// And again (?)
hd44780_latch();
wait_us(64);
writePinLow(data_pins[0]); // DL = 0
hd44780_latch();
wait_us(64);
#if HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES == 1
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_FUNCTION); // 4 bit, 1 line, 5x8 dots
#else
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_FUNCTION | HD44780_FUNCTION_2_LINES); // 4 bit, 2 lines, 5x8 dots
#endif
hd44780_on(cursor, blink);
hd44780_clear();
hd44780_home();
hd44780_command(HD44780_CMD_ENTRY_MODE | HD44780_ENTRY_MODE_INC);
}
void hd44780_set_cursor(uint8_t col, uint8_t line) {
register uint8_t address = col;
#if HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES == 1
address += HD44780_DDRAM_LINE0_ADDR;
#elif HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES == 2
if (line == 0) {
address += HD44780_DDRAM_LINE0_ADDR;
} else {
address += HD44780_DDRAM_LINE1_ADDR;
}
#endif
hd44780_set_ddram_address(address);
}
void hd44780_define_char(uint8_t index, uint8_t *data) {
hd44780_set_cgram_address((index & 0x7) << 3);
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
hd44780_data(data[i]);
}
}
void hd44780_putc(char c) {
while (hd44780_busy())
;
uint8_t current_position = hd44780_read(false);
if (c == '\n') {
hd44780_set_cursor(0, current_position < HD44780_DDRAM_LINE1_ADDR ? 1 : 0);
} else {
#if defined(HD44780_WRAP_LINES)
# if HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES == 1
if (current_position == HD44780_DDRAM_LINE0_ADDR + HD44780_DISPLAY_COLS) {
// Go to start of line
hd44780_set_cursor(0, 0);
}
# elif HD44780_DISPLAY_LINES == 2
if (current_position == HD44780_DDRAM_LINE0_ADDR + HD44780_DISPLAY_COLS) {
// Go to start of second line
hd44780_set_cursor(0, 1);
} else if (current_position == HD44780_DDRAM_LINE1_ADDR + HD44780_DISPLAY_COLS) {
// Go to start of first line
hd44780_set_cursor(0, 0);
}
# endif
#endif
hd44780_data(c);
}
}
void hd44780_puts(const char *s) {
register char c;
while ((c = *s++)) {
hd44780_putc(c);
}
}
#if defined(__AVR__)
void hd44780_define_char_P(uint8_t index, const uint8_t *data) {
hd44780_set_cgram_address(index << 3);
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
hd44780_data(pgm_read_byte(data++));
}
}
void hd44780_puts_P(const char *s) {
register char c;
while ((c = pgm_read_byte(s++))) {
hd44780_putc(c);
}
}
#endif

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drivers/lcd/hd44780.h
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/*
Copyright 2022
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
/**
* \defgroup hd44780
*
* HD44780 Character LCD Driver
* \{
*/
/*
* HD44780 instructions
* https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/LCD/HD44780.pdf
* Table 6 (p24)
*/
// Clear display
#define HD44780_CMD_CLEAR_DISPLAY 0x01
// Return home
#define HD44780_CMD_RETURN_HOME 0x02
// Entry mode set
#define HD44780_CMD_ENTRY_MODE 0x04
#define HD44780_ENTRY_MODE_INC 0x02 // I/D
#define HD44780_ENTRY_MODE_SHIFT 0x01 // S
// Display on/off control
#define HD44780_CMD_DISPLAY 0x08
#define HD44780_DISPLAY_ON 0x04 // D
#define HD44780_DISPLAY_CURSOR 0x02 // C
#define HD44780_DISPLAY_BLINK 0x01 // B
// Cursor or display shift
#define HD44780_CMD_MOVE 0x10
#define HD44780_MOVE_DISPLAY 0x08 // S/C
#define HD44780_MOVE_RIGHT 0x04 // R/L
// Function set
#define HD44780_CMD_FUNCTION 0x20
#define HD44780_FUNCTION_8_BIT 0x10 // DL
#define HD44780_FUNCTION_2_LINES 0x08 // N
#define HD44780_FUNCTION_5X10_DOTS 0x04 // F
// Set CGRAM address
#define HD44780_CMD_SET_CGRAM_ADDRESS 0x40
// Set DDRAM address
#define HD44780_CMD_SET_DDRAM_ADDRESS 0x80
// Bitmask for busy flag when reading
#define HD44780_BUSY_FLAG 0x80
/**
* \brief Write a byte to the display.
*
* \param data The byte to send to the display.
* \param isData Whether the byte is an instruction or character data.
*/
void hd44780_write(uint8_t data, bool isData);
/**
* \brief Read a byte from the display.
*
* \param isData Whether to read the current cursor position, or the character at the cursor.
*
* \return If `isData` is `true`, the returned byte will be the character at the current DDRAM address. Otherwise, it will be the current DDRAM address and the busy flag.
*/
uint8_t hd44780_read(bool isData);
/**
* \brief Indicates whether the display is currently processing, and cannot accept instructions.
*
* \return `true` if the display is busy.
*/
bool hd44780_busy(void);
/**
* \brief Send a command to the display. Refer to the datasheet for the valid commands.
*
* This function waits for the display to clear the busy flag before sending the command.
*
* \param command The command to send.
*/
void hd44780_command(uint8_t command);
/**
* \brief Send a byte of data to the display.
*
* This function waits for the display to clear the busy flag before sending the data.
*
* \param data The byte of data to send.
*/
void hd44780_data(uint8_t data);
/**
* \brief Clear the display.
*
* This function is called on init.
*/
void hd44780_clear(void);
/**
* \brief Move the cursor to the home position.
*
* This function is called on init.
*/
void hd44780_home(void);
/**
* \brief Turn the display on, and/or set the cursor position.
*
* This function is called on init.
*
* \param cursor Whether to show the cursor.
* \param blink Whether to blink the cursor, if shown.
*/
void hd44780_on(bool cursor, bool blink);
/**
* \brief Turn the display off.
*/
void hd44780_off(void);
/**
* \brief Set the CGRAM address.
*
* This function is used when defining custom characters.
*
* \param address The CGRAM address to move to, from `0x00` to `0x3F`.
*/
void hd44780_set_cgram_address(uint8_t address);
/**
* \brief Set the DDRAM address.
*
* This function is used when printing characters to the display, and setting the cursor.
*
* \param address The DDRAM address to move to, from `0x00` to `0x7F`.
*/
void hd44780_set_ddram_address(uint8_t address);
/**
* \brief Initialize the display.
*
* This function should be called only once, before any of the other functions can be called.
*
* \param cursor Whether to show the cursor.
* \param blink Whether to blink the cursor, if shown.
*/
void hd44780_init(bool cursor, bool blink);
/**
* \brief Move the cursor to the specified position on the display.
*
* \param col The column number to move to, from 0 to 15 on 16x2 displays.
* \param line The line number to move to, either 0 or 1 on 16x2 displays.
*/
void hd44780_set_cursor(uint8_t col, uint8_t line);
/**
* \brief Define a custom character.
*
* \param index The index of the custom character to define, from 0 to 7.
* \param data An array of 8 bytes containing the 5-bit row data of the character, where the first byte is the topmost row, and the least significant bit of each byte is the rightmost column.
*/
void hd44780_define_char(uint8_t index, uint8_t *data);
/**
* \brief Print a character to the display. The newline character will move the cursor to the start of the next line.
*
* The exact character shown may depend on the ROM code of your particular display - refer to the datasheet for the full character set.
*
* \param c The character to print.
*/
void hd44780_putc(char c);
/**
* \brief Print a string of characters to the display.
*
* \param s The string to print.
*/
void hd44780_puts(const char *s);
#if defined(__AVR__) || defined(__DOXYGEN__)
/**
* \brief Define a custom character from PROGMEM.
*
* On ARM devices, this function is simply an alias of hd44780_define_char().
*
* \param index The index of the custom character to define, from 0 to 7.
* \param data A PROGMEM array of 8 bytes containing the 5-bit row data of the character, where the first byte is the topmost row, and the least significant bit of each byte is the rightmost column.
*/
void hd44780_define_char_P(uint8_t index, const uint8_t *data);
/**
* \brief Print a string of characters from PROGMEM to the display.
*
* On ARM devices, this function is simply an alias of hd44780_puts().
*
* \param s The PROGMEM string to print.
*/
void hd44780_puts_P(const char *s);
#else
# define hd44780_define_char_P(index, data) hd44780_define_char(index, data)
# define hd44780_puts_P(s) hd44780_puts(s)
#endif
/** \} */

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/****************************************************************************
Title: HD44780U LCD library
Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
License: GNU General Public License Version 3
File: $Id: lcd.c,v 1.15.2.2 2015/01/17 12:16:05 peter Exp $
Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
Target: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AT90S4414/8515/Mega
DESCRIPTION
Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text lcd display
Originally based on Volker Oth's lcd library,
changed lcd_init(), added additional constants for lcd_command(),
added 4-bit I/O mode, improved and optimized code.
Library can be operated in memory mapped mode (LCD_IO_MODE=0) or in
4-bit IO port mode (LCD_IO_MODE=1). 8-bit IO port mode not supported.
Memory mapped mode compatible with Kanda STK200, but supports also
generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.
USAGE
See the C include lcd.h file for a description of each function
*****************************************************************************/
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include "hd44780.h"
/*
** constants/macros
*/
#define DDR(x) (*(&x - 1)) /* address of data direction register of port x */
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega64__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__)
/* on ATmega64/128 PINF is on port 0x00 and not 0x60 */
# define PIN(x) (&PORTF == &(x) ? _SFR_IO8(0x00) : (*(&x - 2)))
#else
# define PIN(x) (*(&x - 2)) /* address of input register of port x */
#endif
#if LCD_IO_MODE
# define lcd_e_delay() _delay_us(LCD_DELAY_ENABLE_PULSE)
# define lcd_e_high() LCD_E_PORT |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
# define lcd_e_low() LCD_E_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_E_PIN);
# define lcd_e_toggle() toggle_e()
# define lcd_rw_high() LCD_RW_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
# define lcd_rw_low() LCD_RW_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
# define lcd_rs_high() LCD_RS_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
# define lcd_rs_low() LCD_RS_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
#endif
#if LCD_IO_MODE
# if LCD_LINES == 1
# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE
# else
# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES
# endif
#else
# if LCD_LINES == 1
# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE
# else
# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES
# endif
#endif
#if LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073
# if LCD_LINES == 4
# define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON 0x2C /* |0|010|1100 4-bit mode, extension-bit RE = 1 */
# define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF 0x28 /* |0|010|1000 4-bit mode, extension-bit RE = 0 */
# define KS0073_4LINES_MODE 0x09 /* |0|000|1001 4 lines mode */
# endif
#endif
/*
** function prototypes
*/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void toggle_e(void);
#endif
/*
** local functions
*/
/*************************************************************************
delay for a minimum of <us> microseconds
the number of loops is calculated at compile-time from MCU clock frequency
*************************************************************************/
#define delay(us) _delay_us(us)
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/* toggle Enable Pin to initiate write */
static void toggle_e(void) {
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
lcd_e_low();
}
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to write byte to LCD controller
Input: data byte to write to LCD
rs 1: write data
0: write instruction
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void lcd_write(uint8_t data, uint8_t rs) {
unsigned char dataBits;
if (rs) { /* write data (RS=1, RW=0) */
lcd_rs_high();
} else { /* write instruction (RS=0, RW=0) */
lcd_rs_low();
}
lcd_rw_low(); /* RW=0 write mode */
if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)) {
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
/* output high nibble first */
dataBits = LCD_DATA0_PORT & 0xF0;
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | ((data >> 4) & 0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | (data & 0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* all data pins high (inactive) */
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | 0x0F;
} else {
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
/* output high nibble first */
LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if (data & 0x80) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if (data & 0x40) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if (data & 0x20) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if (data & 0x10) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if (data & 0x08) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if (data & 0x04) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if (data & 0x02) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if (data & 0x01) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* all data pins high (inactive) */
LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
}
}
#else
# define lcd_write(d, rs) \
if (rs) \
*(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_DATA) = d; \
else \
*(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION) = d;
/* rs==0 -> write instruction to LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs==1 -> write data to LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to read byte from LCD controller
Input: rs 1: read data
0: read busy flag / address counter
Returns: byte read from LCD controller
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static uint8_t lcd_read(uint8_t rs) {
uint8_t data;
if (rs)
lcd_rs_high(); /* RS=1: read data */
else
lcd_rs_low(); /* RS=0: read busy flag */
lcd_rw_high(); /* RW=1 read mode */
if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)) {
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= 0xF0; /* configure data pins as input */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) << 4; /* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_low();
lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data |= PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & 0x0F; /* read low nibble */
lcd_e_low();
} else {
/* configure data pins as input */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
/* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = 0;
if (PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x10;
if (PIN(LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x20;
if (PIN(LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x40;
if (PIN(LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x80;
lcd_e_low();
lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
/* read low nibble */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
if (PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x01;
if (PIN(LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x02;
if (PIN(LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x04;
if (PIN(LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x08;
lcd_e_low();
}
return data;
}
#else
# define lcd_read(rs) (rs) ? *(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_DATA + LCD_IO_READ) : *(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION + LCD_IO_READ)
/* rs==0 -> read instruction from LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs==1 -> read data from LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
loops while lcd is busy, returns address counter
*************************************************************************/
static uint8_t lcd_waitbusy(void)
{
register uint8_t c;
/* wait until busy flag is cleared */
while ((c = lcd_read(0)) & (1 << LCD_BUSY)) {
}
/* the address counter is updated 4us after the busy flag is cleared */
delay(LCD_DELAY_BUSY_FLAG);
/* now read the address counter */
return (lcd_read(0)); // return address counter
} /* lcd_waitbusy */
/*************************************************************************
Move cursor to the start of next line or to the first line if the cursor
is already on the last line.
*************************************************************************/
static inline void lcd_newline(uint8_t pos) {
register uint8_t addressCounter;
#if LCD_LINES == 1
addressCounter = 0;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 2
if (pos < (LCD_START_LINE2))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 4
# if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
if (pos < LCD_START_LINE2)
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE3))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
# else
if (pos < LCD_START_LINE3)
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE2))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
# endif
#endif
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + addressCounter);
} /* lcd_newline */
/*
** PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
*/
/*************************************************************************
Send LCD controller instruction command
Input: instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_command(uint8_t cmd) {
lcd_waitbusy();
lcd_write(cmd, 0);
}
/*************************************************************************
Send data byte to LCD controller
Input: data to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_data(uint8_t data) {
lcd_waitbusy();
lcd_write(data, 1);
}
/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to specified position
Input: x horizontal position (0: left most position)
y vertical position (0: first line)
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_gotoxy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y) {
#if LCD_LINES == 1
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 2
if (y == 0)
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
else
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2 + x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 4
if (y == 0)
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
else if (y == 1)
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2 + x);
else if (y == 2)
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE3 + x);
else /* y==3 */
lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE4 + x);
#endif
} /* lcd_gotoxy */
/*************************************************************************
*************************************************************************/
int lcd_getxy(void) {
return lcd_waitbusy();
}
/*************************************************************************
Clear display and set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_clrscr(void) {
lcd_command(1 << LCD_CLR);
}
/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_home(void) {
lcd_command(1 << LCD_HOME);
}
/*************************************************************************
Display character at current cursor position
Input: character to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_putc(char c) {
uint8_t pos;
pos = lcd_waitbusy(); // read busy-flag and address counter
if (c == '\n') {
lcd_newline(pos);
} else {
#if LCD_WRAP_LINES == 1
# if LCD_LINES == 1
if (pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
}
# elif LCD_LINES == 2
if (pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2, 0);
} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE2 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
}
# elif LCD_LINES == 4
if (pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2, 0);
} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE2 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE3, 0);
} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE3 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE4, 0);
} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE4 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
}
# endif
lcd_waitbusy();
#endif
lcd_write(c, 1);
}
} /* lcd_putc */
/*************************************************************************
Display string without auto linefeed
Input: string to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts(const char *s)
/* print string on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;
while ((c = *s++)) {
lcd_putc(c);
}
} /* lcd_puts */
/*************************************************************************
Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
Input: string from program memory be be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts_p(const char *progmem_s)
/* print string from program memory on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;
while ((c = pgm_read_byte(progmem_s++))) {
lcd_putc(c);
}
} /* lcd_puts_p */
/*************************************************************************
Initialize display and select type of cursor
Input: dispAttr LCD_DISP_OFF display off
LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off
LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on
LCD_DISP_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_init(uint8_t dispAttr) {
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/*
* Initialize LCD to 4 bit I/O mode
*/
if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (&LCD_RS_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (&LCD_RW_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (&LCD_E_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3) && (LCD_RS_PIN == 4) && (LCD_RW_PIN == 5) && (LCD_E_PIN == 6)) {
/* configure all port bits as output (all LCD lines on same port) */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x7F;
} else if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)) {
/* configure all port bits as output (all LCD data lines on same port, but control lines on different ports) */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
DDR(LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN);
DDR(LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN);
DDR(LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
} else {
/* configure all port bits as output (LCD data and control lines on different ports */
DDR(LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN);
DDR(LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN);
DDR(LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
}
delay(LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP); /* wait 16ms or more after power-on */
/* initial write to lcd is 8bit */
LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION>>4;
LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT>>4;
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
/* repeat last command */
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
/* repeat last command a third time */
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
/* now configure for 4bit mode */
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE>>4
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_4BIT); /* some displays need this additional delay */
/* from now the LCD only accepts 4 bit I/O, we can use lcd_command() */
#else
/*
* Initialize LCD to 8 bit memory mapped mode
*/
/* enable external SRAM (memory mapped lcd) and one wait state */
MCUCR = _BV(SRE) | _BV(SRW);
/* reset LCD */
delay(LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP); /* wait 16ms after power-on */
lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT); /* wait 5ms */
lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* wait 64us */
lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* wait 64us */
#endif
#if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
/* Display with KS0073 controller requires special commands for enabling 4 line mode */
lcd_command(KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON);
lcd_command(KS0073_4LINES_MODE);
lcd_command(KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF);
#else
lcd_command(LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT); /* function set: display lines */
#endif
lcd_command(LCD_DISP_OFF); /* display off */
lcd_clrscr(); /* display clear */
lcd_command(LCD_MODE_DEFAULT); /* set entry mode */
lcd_command(dispAttr); /* display/cursor control */
} /* lcd_init */

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/*************************************************************************
Title : C include file for the HD44780U LCD library (lcd.c)
Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
License: GNU General Public License Version 3
File: $Id: lcd.h,v 1.14.2.4 2015/01/20 17:16:07 peter Exp $
Software: AVR-GCC 4.x
Hardware: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AVR with
memory mapped interface (AT90S8515/ATmega8515/ATmega128)
***************************************************************************/
/**
@mainpage
Collection of libraries for AVR-GCC
@author Peter Fleury pfleury@gmx.ch http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
@copyright (C) 2015 Peter Fleury, GNU General Public License Version 3
@file
@defgroup pfleury_lcd LCD library <lcd.h>
@code #include <lcd.h> @endcode
@brief Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based character LCD display
LCD character displays can be found in many devices, like espresso machines, laser printers.
The Hitachi HD44780 controller and its compatible controllers like Samsung KS0066U have become an industry standard for these types of displays.
This library allows easy interfacing with a HD44780 compatible display and can be
operated in memory mapped mode (LCD_IO_MODE defined as 0 in the include file lcd.h.) or in
4-bit IO port mode (LCD_IO_MODE defined as 1). 8-bit IO port mode is not supported.
Memory mapped mode is compatible with old Kanda STK200 starter kit, but also supports
generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.
@see The chapter <a href=" http://homepage.hispeed.ch/peterfleury/avr-lcd44780.html" target="_blank">Interfacing a HD44780 Based LCD to an AVR</a>
on my home page, which shows example circuits how to connect an LCD to an AVR controller.
@author Peter Fleury pfleury@gmx.ch http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
@version 2.0
@copyright (C) 2015 Peter Fleury, GNU General Public License Version 3
*/
#pragma once
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#if (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) < 405
# error "This library requires AVR-GCC 4.5 or later, update to newer AVR-GCC compiler !"
#endif
/**@{*/
/*
* LCD and target specific definitions below can be defined in a separate include file with name lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file
* by adding -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the CDEFS section in the Makefile
* All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
*/
#ifdef _LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE
# include "lcd_definitions.h"
#endif
/**
* @name Definition for LCD controller type
* Use 0 for HD44780 controller, change to 1 for displays with KS0073 controller.
*/
#ifndef LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073
# define LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073 0 /**< Use 0 for HD44780 controller, 1 for KS0073 controller */
#endif
/**
* @name Definitions for Display Size
* Change these definitions to adapt setting to your display
*
* These definitions can be defined in a separate include file \b lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file by
* adding -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the CDEFS section in the Makefile.
* All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
*
*/
#ifndef LCD_LINES
# define LCD_LINES 2 /**< number of visible lines of the display */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_DISP_LENGTH
# define LCD_DISP_LENGTH 16 /**< visibles characters per line of the display */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_LINE_LENGTH
# define LCD_LINE_LENGTH 0x40 /**< internal line length of the display */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_START_LINE1
# define LCD_START_LINE1 0x00 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 1 */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_START_LINE2
# define LCD_START_LINE2 0x40 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 2 */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_START_LINE3
# define LCD_START_LINE3 0x14 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 3 */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_START_LINE4
# define LCD_START_LINE4 0x54 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 4 */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_WRAP_LINES
# define LCD_WRAP_LINES 0 /**< 0: no wrap, 1: wrap at end of visibile line */
#endif
/**
* @name Definitions for 4-bit IO mode
*
* The four LCD data lines and the three control lines RS, RW, E can be on the
* same port or on different ports.
* Change LCD_RS_PORT, LCD_RW_PORT, LCD_E_PORT if you want the control lines on
* different ports.
*
* Normally the four data lines should be mapped to bit 0..3 on one port, but it
* is possible to connect these data lines in different order or even on different
* ports by adapting the LCD_DATAx_PORT and LCD_DATAx_PIN definitions.
*
* Adjust these definitions to your target.\n
* These definitions can be defined in a separate include file \b lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file by
* adding \b -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the \b CDEFS section in the Makefile.
* All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
*
*/
#define LCD_IO_MODE 1 /**< 0: memory mapped mode, 1: IO port mode */
#if LCD_IO_MODE
# ifndef LCD_PORT
# define LCD_PORT PORTA /**< port for the LCD lines */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA0_PORT
# define LCD_DATA0_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 0 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA1_PORT
# define LCD_DATA1_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 1 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA2_PORT
# define LCD_DATA2_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 2 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA3_PORT
# define LCD_DATA3_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 3 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA0_PIN
# define LCD_DATA0_PIN 4 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 0 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA1_PIN
# define LCD_DATA1_PIN 5 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 1 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA2_PIN
# define LCD_DATA2_PIN 6 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 2 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_DATA3_PIN
# define LCD_DATA3_PIN 7 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 3 */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_RS_PORT
# define LCD_RS_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for RS line */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_RS_PIN
# define LCD_RS_PIN 3 /**< pin for RS line */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_RW_PORT
# define LCD_RW_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for RW line */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_RW_PIN
# define LCD_RW_PIN 2 /**< pin for RW line */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_E_PORT
# define LCD_E_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for Enable line */
# endif
# ifndef LCD_E_PIN
# define LCD_E_PIN 1 /**< pin for Enable line */
# endif
#elif defined(__AVR_AT90S4414__) || defined(__AVR_AT90S8515__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega64__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega8515__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega103__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega161__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega162__)
/*
* memory mapped mode is only supported when the device has an external data memory interface
*/
# define LCD_IO_DATA 0xC000 /* A15=E=1, A14=RS=1 */
# define LCD_IO_FUNCTION 0x8000 /* A15=E=1, A14=RS=0 */
# define LCD_IO_READ 0x0100 /* A8 =R/W=1 (R/W: 1=Read, 0=Write */
#else
# error "external data memory interface not available for this device, use 4-bit IO port mode"
#endif
/**
* @name Definitions of delays
* Used to calculate delay timers.
* Adapt the F_CPU define in the Makefile to the clock frequency in Hz of your target
*
* These delay times can be adjusted, if some displays require different delays.\n
* These definitions can be defined in a separate include file \b lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file by
* adding \b -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the \b CDEFS section in the Makefile.
* All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
*/
#ifndef LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP
# define LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP 16000 /**< delay in micro seconds after power-on */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_DELAY_INIT
# define LCD_DELAY_INIT 5000 /**< delay in micro seconds after initialization command sent */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP
# define LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP 64 /**< delay in micro seconds after initialization command repeated */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_DELAY_INIT_4BIT
# define LCD_DELAY_INIT_4BIT 64 /**< delay in micro seconds after setting 4-bit mode */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_DELAY_BUSY_FLAG
# define LCD_DELAY_BUSY_FLAG 4 /**< time in micro seconds the address counter is updated after busy flag is cleared */
#endif
#ifndef LCD_DELAY_ENABLE_PULSE
# define LCD_DELAY_ENABLE_PULSE 1 /**< enable signal pulse width in micro seconds */
#endif
/**
* @name Definitions for LCD command instructions
* The constants define the various LCD controller instructions which can be passed to the
* function lcd_command(), see HD44780 data sheet for a complete description.
*/
/* instruction register bit positions, see HD44780U data sheet */
#define LCD_CLR 0 /* DB0: clear display */
#define LCD_HOME 1 /* DB1: return to home position */
#define LCD_ENTRY_MODE 2 /* DB2: set entry mode */
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC 1 /* DB1: 1=increment, 0=decrement */
#define LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT 0 /* DB2: 1=display shift on */
#define LCD_ON 3 /* DB3: turn lcd/cursor on */
#define LCD_ON_DISPLAY 2 /* DB2: turn display on */
#define LCD_ON_CURSOR 1 /* DB1: turn cursor on */
#define LCD_ON_BLINK 0 /* DB0: blinking cursor ? */
#define LCD_MOVE 4 /* DB4: move cursor/display */
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP 3 /* DB3: move display (0-> cursor) ? */
#define LCD_MOVE_RIGHT 2 /* DB2: move right (0-> left) ? */
#define LCD_FUNCTION 5 /* DB5: function set */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT 4 /* DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode) */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES 3 /* DB3: two lines (0->one line) */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS 2 /* DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font) */
#define LCD_CGRAM 6 /* DB6: set CG RAM address */
#define LCD_DDRAM 7 /* DB7: set DD RAM address */
#define LCD_BUSY 7 /* DB7: LCD is busy */
/* set entry mode: display shift on/off, dec/inc cursor move direction */
#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC 0x04 /* display shift off, dec cursor move dir */
#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC_SHIFT 0x05 /* display shift on, dec cursor move dir */
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC_ 0x06 /* display shift off, inc cursor move dir */
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC_SHIFT 0x07 /* display shift on, inc cursor move dir */
/* display on/off, cursor on/off, blinking char at cursor position */
#define LCD_DISP_OFF 0x08 /* display off */
#define LCD_DISP_ON 0x0C /* display on, cursor off */
#define LCD_DISP_ON_BLINK 0x0D /* display on, cursor off, blink char */
#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR 0x0E /* display on, cursor on */
#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK 0x0F /* display on, cursor on, blink char */
/* move cursor/shift display */
#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_LEFT 0x10 /* move cursor left (decrement) */
#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_RIGHT 0x14 /* move cursor right (increment) */
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_LEFT 0x18 /* shift display left */
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_RIGHT 0x1C /* shift display right */
/* function set: set interface data length and number of display lines */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE 0x20 /* 4-bit interface, single line, 5x7 dots */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES 0x28 /* 4-bit interface, dual line, 5x7 dots */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE 0x30 /* 8-bit interface, single line, 5x7 dots */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES 0x38 /* 8-bit interface, dual line, 5x7 dots */
#define LCD_MODE_DEFAULT ((1 << LCD_ENTRY_MODE) | (1 << LCD_ENTRY_INC))
/**
* @name Functions
*/
/**
@brief Initialize display and select type of cursor
@param dispAttr \b LCD_DISP_OFF display off\n
\b LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off\n
\b LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on\n
\b LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_init(uint8_t dispAttr);
/**
@brief Clear display and set cursor to home position
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_clrscr(void);
/**
@brief Set cursor to home position
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_home(void);
/**
@brief Set cursor to specified position
@param x horizontal position\n (0: left most position)
@param y vertical position\n (0: first line)
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_gotoxy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y);
/**
@brief Display character at current cursor position
@param c character to be displayed
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_putc(char c);
/**
@brief Display string without auto linefeed
@param s string to be displayed
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_puts(const char *s);
/**
@brief Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
@param progmem_s string from program memory be be displayed
@return none
@see lcd_puts_P
*/
extern void lcd_puts_p(const char *progmem_s);
/**
@brief Send LCD controller instruction command
@param cmd instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_command(uint8_t cmd);
/**
@brief Send data byte to LCD controller
Similar to lcd_putc(), but without interpreting LF
@param data byte to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_data(uint8_t data);
/**
@brief macros for automatically storing string constant in program memory
*/
#define lcd_puts_P(__s) lcd_puts_p(PSTR(__s))
/**@}*/
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